It is the mark of effortful activities that they interfere with each other, which is why it is difficult or impossible to conduct several at once.Check the validity of a complex logical argument.Count the occurrences of the letter a in a page of text.Focus on the voice of a particular person in a crowded and noisy room.The highly diverse operations of System 2 have one feature in common: they require attention and are disrupted when attention is drawn away. Orient to the source of a sudden sound.Detect that one object is more distant than another.In rough order of complexity, here are some examples of the automatic activities that are attributed to System 1: The automatic operations of System 1 generate surprisingly complex patterns of ideas, but only the slower System 2 can construct thoughts in an orderly series of steps. I describe System 1 as effortlessly originating impressions and feelings that are the main sources of the explicit beliefs and deliberate choices of System 2.The operations of System 2 are often associated with the subjective experience of agency, choice, and concentration. System 2 allocates attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations.System 1 operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control.Part 1: Two Systems Chapter 1: The Characters of the Story My views on this topic have been influenced by Nassim Taleb, the author of The Black Swan. Overconfidence is fed by the illusory certainty of hindsight. We are prone to overestimate how much we understand about the world and to underestimate the role of chance in events.The essence of intuitive heuristics: when faced with a difficult question, we often answer an easier one instead, usually without noticing the substitution.Valid intuitions develop when experts have learned to recognize familiar elements in a new situation and to act in a manner that is appropriate to it.

Thinking fast and slow book